Ancient India has a 10,000 year known history. The Muslim occupation period is therefore relatively very recent. This happened during the weakest phase of India, where India’s material aspect had been undermined by Buddhism, especially it defenses. Otherwise, it is clear to see that even during the invasion of Alexandra the great, how powerful the Indian military was. Alexandra’s army was forced to retreat when faced by its towering might. During the high period of India’s history India was an indomitable country, nobody could invade it, on the contrary India had expanded its influence across the world, colonizing Indonesia, Burma, Java, Thailand, Cambodia, Americas and Europe. This is the great period of Aryan expansion in the world.
The point in pointing this out is that modernity does not apply to the entire world, as India very much was a modern country even 5000 years ago. Modernity is a Western phenomenon and refers to the modernization and civiliizing of Europe. Other places in the world were already modernized long before Europe. This is why we should not pretend we are anymore intellectually advanced today overall than we were in the past. The spiritual sciences discovered in ancient India are just as true for today, as they were in the past.
The human body has not evolved much at all from 5000 years to to the 21st century. It still very much constituted the same. Hence, why 5000 years old mind-body sciences of India like Yoga still works today. If that was not true, it would not become a multi-billion dollar industry.
No in the YS it does not say that one should meditate for 10 hours a day sitting in meditation, because the YS only with the generals and not the specifics. But it is stated clearly in the YS that you need to be doing Yoga with single minded dedication. The YS is not written for householders, it is written for yogis dedicated to the practice of Yoga.
YS 1.1: Atha Yoganusasanam
- Now, at this auspicious time, begins the teachings of the sacred science of Yoga.
Almost all commentaters on this sutra have pointed out that the first sutra indicates a progression and initiation into Yoga. The individual is now ready after completing preliminaries of life to start the journey of Yoga. It is not written for the modern 21st century Westerner who wants to do Yoga 1-2 hours a day and do other things on the side. It is written for serious yogis who want enlightenment. This science was only taught to people who were initiated by the guru, not to anybody.
Early on Patanjali explains exactly how Yoga is to be done:
YS 1.12: Abhyasa varigyabhyam tannirodhah
- Sustained practice and detachment are the means to still the vrittis in the mind
Then Patanjali gives a definition on what practice is:
YS: 1.13: Tatra sthitau yatnah abhyasah
- Sustained practice is the steadfast effort to still the vrittis in the mind
YS: 1.14: sa tu dirghkala nairantaraya satkara asevitah drdabhumih
- This, practice sustained for a long time, uninterupted, with total dedication and performed assiduously is the firm foundation to still the vrittis in the mind.
So there is no ambiguity here that Patanjali means total, single-minded dedication to practice, practiced for a long time, uninterrupted. He does not say, practice a bit in the day, then go out and do other things(watch tv, have sex, a pint with your friends, go the cinema, do the household chores) Like I said, Patanjali is addressing a serious student of Yoga who has accepted Yoga as their life path. Yoga is not a hobby that the 21st century Westerner has turned it into.
Patanjali further makes further remarks on practice:
YS 1.20: sraddha, virya smriti samadhiprajna purvakhah itaresam
- Practice must be pursued with reverence, trust, vigour and total absorption to break spiritual complacency
YS 1.21: tivrasamveganam asannah
- The goal is near for those who are supremely vigorous and intense in their practice.
YS 1.22: mrdu madhya adhimatravat tatrah api visesah
- There are differences between those who are mild, average and intense in their practice
The word Patanjali uses gives the give away. He uses the word samvega, which is a technical word like samyama, meaning perfect speed. Meaning to say if you are incredibly intense in your practice and maintain that speed of practice the goal is not far. When he distinguishes other grades of practice mild, average and intense, he is not at all referring to the 21st century Westerner doing their 1-2 hours meditation a day. He is referring to students of Yoga who have accepted Yoga as their life.
Thus Patanjali makes it very clear in the very first chapter of the YS itself that you need absolute dedication to the path, if you want to attain the goal of Yoga, even the intermeditate goals. Patanjali would not have at all tolerated the 21st century Westerner insisting they are practicing spirituality by doing their 1-2 hours yoga and meditation a day(most don’t do daily practice, but weekly practice) and insisting it is sufficient just because they are modern. He probably would have laughed out loud.