[QUOTE=Philippe*;37986]There are 195 or 196 aphorisms in yoga sUtra, 3 out of them are about Asanas mainly because Patanjali aimed to expose the essence of Yoga Darshana. The principle of sUtra or thread is to summarize and give the maximum of meaning in a very condensed set of words. This suits well in the context of oral transmission, where the student learns by heart in the light of explanation and anecdotes from the teacher adding life to the text. It does not mean that Asanas count for a ratio of 3/195, it depends, the detailed technical part is transmitted orally by the AcArya or the guru, this is not the point of yoga sUtra.
yoga sUtra has been the normative text of several traditions of Yoga, what is written about asanas is valid for a developed asana practice in general. Patanjali meant sitting asanas for further practice, but practically it is not disconnected from a vaster asana practice.
The classical commentary (circa 4th-6th centuries) of the YS (II-46) attributed to VyAsa which mentions several Asanas, some of them show that there was a discipline of Asanas developed such as krauncAsana, uShTrAsana. It is even written “and so on” implying that there are other Asanas. VijnAna bhikSHu another classical commentator named some Asanas such as mayUrAsana which is a difficult Asana for a lot of people. On the other hand, one does not need to master a vast series of Asanas to realize the goal of YS, YS was not meant to be technical…
In haThayoga pradIpikA with the classical commentary of BrahmAnanda haTha yoga is clearly linked with rAja yoga cf. HYP I:1-3. Traditionally rAja yoga refers to Patanjali Yoga. HYP even includes practices related with therapy and ayUrveda : Shat karmas, six purificatory processes. There are some symbolic myths around haTha Yoga, Gorakshanath is said to be a direct disciple of Mastyendranath (a fish turned into a man) who revealed the haTha yoga teachings. Actually the Yoga practices were in existence long before Gorakshanath (10th-11th centuries) dynamized his tradition.
In reality, what is put in the box haTha yoga and and in the box rAja yoga are often facets in some more or less integral yogic traditions and not clearly dissociated as if these aspects would have been developed without any mutual influence until today in India.
Moreover from a practical point of view prANAyAma (4th limb) is linked with the breath though the concept of prANa has several meanings and the results of prANAyAma described by Patanjali can be acquired without breathing practices. prANAyAma practices are usually easier and more efficient with an asana practice which is more developed than just taking a comfortable and steady sitting posture without physical preparation. Some efficient prANAyAma practices often include bandhas which need some training coming with Asana practice.
Texts such as yogayAjnavalkya samhitA (circa 10th century) and yoga tArAvali also show some links between psycho-physical practices and rAja Yoga, yogayAjnavalkya samhitA gives details about the eight limbs.
Traditional yoga is not only a philosophy but also an art and a therapeutic discipline in which Asanas can be practised for other goals than being able to sit for long meditative practices.
Philippe
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Thanks for the info Philippe, it is good to know!