Horizons,
“How much asana practice is too much”
Any method can be used in a million and one different ways depending on the hands which are using them. That is why it is impossible to set any absolute standards as to what is “too much” practice and what is not enough practice. And because every human being is absolutely unique, no two individuals evolve and expand at the same pace. For one, just one year of practice may reveal fruits which others cannot even realize in a whole lifetime. For another, in just a split moment, without any preparation or method, one can come to an awakening. For another, even though one may be practicing with one-pointedness for almost one’s whole life - one has remained just as unconscious and asleep as one has always been.
If you are looking for an escape from the problems of one’s sufferings, then the methods of yoga can provide a quick and temporary fix. But the fact is as long as one has yet to come to a direct insight as to the root causes of one’s sufferings at the level of the mind - no amount of practice or discipline is going to be of much help.
“and what problems could it lead to, if any?”
Asanas are basically methods to purify the gross and subtle energies in ones system to create a prepared vessel for the next phase of work - meditation. Because they deal with controlling and channeling the fundamental energies in ones system in various different ways, if you are deeply involved in the practice and yet without the proper understanding, it can create several problems. Besides just the chakras which are well known along the spinal cord, the lowest which is usually considered to be the muladhara at the base of the spine, there are also various other energy centers which are less well known which exist below the muladhara. Because every state of consciousness is a particular state of energy, the activation of these centers are also corresponding to various states of consciousness. If somehow your prana starts moving towards the chakra centers below the muladhara at the base of the spine, then several physical and psychological sicknesses can arise. What is even far more disasterous is if one manages to awaken the Kundalini, but rather than ascending the spinal cord, it opts for a descending movement below the spinal cord.
So there are tremendous risks that are involved the deeper you go into these kinds of methods, asanas being one of them, which are centered around evolving the fundamental energies which are working through the mind and body. But those kinds of risks are only available to those who are willing to initiate tremendous effort and energy into that kind of work. But if you are just using yoga as a therapy, even then there are risks - although they may not seem so damaging. The basic problem is when one starts using the spiritual sciences just as a means to nourish ones own ego. Then everytime you are practicing, you are basically re-enforcing the identification with your own ego, the same false idea that has been a great source of suffering for oneself and which has been keeping one in a deep sleep. On the outside it will not seem that you are doing much damage, simply because you are satisfied by the practice, you are getting what you want. Whether you are satisfied or not satisfied by the practice has absolutely no relevance as far as the realization of Truth is concerned. And, limited to the workings of ones own ego, one is not interested in anything else except living according to ones likes and dislikes rather than having insight into things as they are.